Conserving Crop Diversity Forever

Слайд 0

Слайд 1

World Agriculture Facing its biggest challenge ever, due to population growth and climate change We need to find game changers 2

Слайд 2

Rice Plus 1?C could result in a decrease of yield by 10% Plus 2?C is potentially catastrophic New diseases as a consequence of a changing weather We need to make crops climate ready 3

Слайд 3

UN Sustainable Development Goals Proposed goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture 2.5:  by 2020 maintain genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants, farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at national, regional and international levels, and ensure access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge as internationally agreed Crop diversity is a prerequisite for food security 4

Слайд 4

Diversity 200,000 varieties of rice 120,000 varieties of wheat 4,500 varieties of potatoes 35,000 varieties of finger millet 3,000 varieties of coconut All are important because one might have the trait to increase nutritious value, fight disease, adapt to new climates, or produce higher yields 5

Слайд 5

Loss of diversity Spain: had 400 melon varieties in 1970, only 12 today China: lost 90% of rice varieties since 1950 Mexico: lost 80% of corn varieties since 1900 India: lost 90% of rice varieties since 1900 USA: lost 90% of fruit and vegetable varieties since 1900 Genetic uniformity creates vulnerability – resilience require options – options require diversity 6

Слайд 6

The Crop Trust work… to ensure the conservation and availability of crop diversity for food security worldwide 7

Слайд 7

Crop diversity – a global common good Crop diversity = breeders’ raw material 8

Слайд 8

The objective… is a cost-effective, rational, and global system for the conservation of crop diversity 9 Picture: Neil Palmer/CIAT

Слайд 9

Svalbard Global Seed Vault 801 752 varieties stored in the vault The ultimate safety back-up 10

Слайд 10

Слайд 11

11 CGIAR Genebanks 12

Слайд 12

Rescued Crops Worldwide 59,429 seed and 13,615 vegetative accessions in 226 collections managed by 84 institutes in 71 countries 12 000 varieties lost -we were too late -lost forever

Слайд 13

Crop Wild Relatives Tough — with traits not found in domesticated varieties Broadening the gene pool to search for useful traits 14

Слайд 14

Untapped opportunities Vast pool of genetic resources in genebanks represent a treasure trove for crop improvement 15

Слайд 15

Genebanks used – but not effectively

Слайд 16

Genebanks - supermarket 17

Слайд 17

Applying cutting edge technology 18

Слайд 18

Labeling the cans We can label all the genebank cans with rich information (disease, drought, nutrition, storage, yield), speed up breeding processes, make plants more resilient/climate ready and contribute substantially to food security

Слайд 19

Genebank database caos 7 million accessions in 1700 genebanks > 2 million unique accessions Lots of genebank databases, not all online Characterization and evaluation data linked to accessions not easily available Let alone genotypic data Like finding a needle in a haystack

Слайд 20

GeneSys: A step forward Single online portal global gateway to genetic resources 2.7 million accessions 300 genebanks: US, Europe, CGIAR Passport data Some morphological characterization and evaluation data Not enough...

Слайд 21

The genomics revolution Large-scale sequencing/genotyping efforts of genebank collections: Seeds of Discovery (CIMMYT, Mexico) 120,000 wheat; 27,500 maize 3,000 rice accessions (BGI, CAAS, IRRI) then 100,000 (whole collection) Cassava collection (CIAT, Colombia) National initiatives Lots more no doubt coming...

Слайд 22

many stakeholders, many relevant past and ongoing projects trait data sequence data passport data Wheat Rice Maize Beans Bananas Potatoes Barley Cassava Forages Stakeholders and partners CWR CWR CWR CWR CWR

Слайд 23

DivSeek DivSeek will mine the wealth of genetic resources to enhance food and nutritional security Provide a common platform for sharing information and learning from each other

Слайд 24

DivSeek value propositions link large-scale sequencing and phenotyping data to publicly available germplasm simple, standardized formats and associated analysis tools data shared according to agreed common standards and in form easily digestible by breeders and other genebank users unified, coordinated and cohesive information management platform to provide easy access to genotypic and phenotypic data associated with genebank germplasm.

Слайд 25

Recent progress Release of white paper and website www.divseek.org Importance underlined at the Third Meeting of G20 Agricultural Chief Scientists

Слайд 26

The Endowment Fund The Crop Diversity Fund (CDF) Endowment today $170 M 2014 27

Слайд 27

The Crop Diversity Fund (CDF) Endowment today Planned endowment size by 2018 $170 M $850 M 2014 2018 28 $500 M 2015 2018

Слайд 28

Burdensharing 29 To date, 14 country donors have pledged the bulk of the endowment funding -- among them: Australia, Germany, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

Слайд 29

30 Thank you www.croptrust.org

Слайд 30

The DivSeek process Community-driven process: various consultations over past 2 years, facilitated by Crop Trust White Paper: Strategic road-map (see www.divseek.org) Expressions of interest are to be circulated Development of governance structure Establishment of technical working group on standard setting and best practices Facilitation Unit hosted by Crop Trust - joint implementation with the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture with inputs by CGIAR consortium office and the Global Plant Council