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New Skill Sets: Journalism
Mindy McAdams, Professor
Department of Journalism
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida, USA
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My background
BA in (print) journalism, 1981
Copy editor, book publishing, 1982–1984
Reporter and editor, weekly business newspaper, 1984–1988
Copy editor, Time magazine, New York, 1988–1993
MA in media studies, 1993
Copy editor, The Washington Post, 1993–1994
Content developer, online editor, The Washington Post, 1994–1995
Online journalism trainer, 1995–1999
Professor, journalism, 1999–today
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transition
From print and broadcast to online media
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Effects of the transition
Variety: Public has more access to more sources (no monopolies)
Time: News is now 24/7 (when you want it)
Place: Computers and mobile devices are the site of news delivery (where you want it)
Trust: Not always clear who is providing information online
Business model: Advertising and subscriptions are decreasing
Authority: Control of media and information has shifted
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Skills
New competencies for the (digital) journalist
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Skills in demand for digital journalism
Collaboration and participation
Aggregation and curation
Data analysis and data graphics (including maps)
Photos and video
Social media (sharing and mining)
Apps and other digital-only products
Audience research
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Collaboration and participation
From us … to/for them (old style)
Two-way street: “My audience knows more than I do” (new style)
Asking readers/listeners/viewers for tips
Actively recruiting audience to help report
Not same as citizen journalism
Not same as UGC
Not same as old source models (not only officials)
Encouraging audience to interact with one another on your site or about your content
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Example of collaboration
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Aggregation and curation
“Aggregation and curation are techniques of using content from other sources to provide content for your audience. They occupy overlapping spaces …”
Definition
—Steve Buttry, Digital Transformation Editor for Digital First Media and Journal Register Co.
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Aggregation types
Fully automated, no humans are selecting content (for example, Google search)
Partly automated (for example, an RSS feed from one newspaper)
Only automated in a small way (for example, a reporter performs several Google searches to create an annotated list of links to useful resources)
Not automated at all; mainly uses human intelligence and judgment (for example, a reporter interviews several experts to compile a list of links to useful resources) — this is more like curation
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Aggregation and curation
More about this on Tuesday morning!
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Data journalism
Data collection
Public records and documents
Information submitted by the public
Information gathered by journalists
Data analysis
Numeracy
Data cleaning
Use of Excel (or Google Sheets)
Data graphics
Simple (made with Excel, for example)
Complex (includes animation and interactivity)
Maps (can be Google Maps)
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Photos and video
This is huge … and multifaceted!
Stills
Shrinking photo staffs at daily newspapers
Use of (mediocre) user-contributed photos and stock photos
Wire services: Photo curation, e.g. The Big Picture (from Boston.com)
Instagram
Online video
Short documentary style
Examples from National Public Radio
New York Times Op-Docs
Super-short videos: Vine, Instagram, and even animated GIFs
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Photos and video: Proposals
Every journalist should be able to:
Capture usable photos and video on a smartphone (or at least on a point-and-shoot camera)
Record a usable short man-on-the-street interview as video on a smartphone
Crop, tone, and resize a photo using Photoshop (or comparable software), save the file, and upload/send it to editors
Every photojournalism student should be able to:
Curate photo stories using wire service images
Edit video for the Web
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Photos and video: Proposals (2)
Every journalist should be able to:
Compose and shoot a reasonably good photo of any interview subject
Select acceptable photos from any batch of images
Write accurate and complete photo captions
Recognize dangers of fakery (Photoshopped fakes)
Understand specifics of copyright and permissions for all online images — because all journalists will work online, and none of them should be stealing images
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Photos and video: Proposals (3)
Every video journalist should be able to:
Compress and export video for the Web (balancing quality and file size)
Create readable titles, credits, and lower thirds in an editing program (for stand-alone video)
Write a headline that can be used as a link to the video and that clearly represents the content of the video
Write a brief, accurate text summary of the video that does not spoil or repeat the first 30 seconds of the video’s content
Come up with suitable tags for videos posted to YouTube or Vimeo
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Opportunities
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Social media
Sharing
Attract followers, develop an audience
Share articles and other content via links
Start and participate in conversations
Mining
Spot new trends
Curate conversations
Cultivate sources
Monitor breaking news situations
Verify
Note: Journalists must use social media regularly and in a professional manner (to understand it).
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“60 percent of our audience
is not coming through the homepage.”
—Raju Narisetti, managing editor, The Wall Street Journal Digital Network (2012)
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Social media
More about this topic on Wednesday afternoon!
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Apps and digital-only production
Here’s where we get to the “Web code” topics
Should all journalists learn a programming language?
Difference between Web design (HTML, CSS)
And actual programming (e.g., JavaScript, Python, Ruby on Rails)
Can journalists contribute — as part of a team — to development of a mobile app, an interactive game, or other code-intensive development effort?
Should newsrooms be developing apps?
What do we mean by “apps,” anyway?
Could JMS students collaborate with computer science students at Rhodes?
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Audience research
Niches (the end of mass)
Digital tracking of every click:
Pageviews (number per story) — only the tip of iceberg
How many stories viewed by each visitor
Referrers (where they came from)
Time spent
Return visits (users who are logged in)
Analysis of user behaviors, patterns — richer than “number of subscribers” or “number of viewers”
Which device(s) did they use?
How and what they share (beyond “most emailed”)
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chartbeat.com
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NPR has programmed its own “social media dashboard” to track audience activity.
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Dao Nguyen, Director of Growth, BuzzFeed.com:
“How do you get people to share your great content?
“How do you get people to click on content that [is] most likely to be shared?
“How do you know which content will be most likely to be shared?
“How do you give editors information about what is being shared real-time, and what has been shared a lot in the (recent) past?
“Good technology can answer these questions.”
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buzzfeed.com
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upworthy.com
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New Skill Sets: Journalism
Mindy McAdams
mmcadams@jou.ufl.edu
Twitter: @macloo